I am doing some research on coaching and coaching psychology and the training debate between coaches (numerous training programs of various lengths and content, broad backgrounds) and coaching psychologists ( - defined courses, clinical background). I came across this article which got me thinking about learning and knowing. What is taught in the classroom doesn't always guarantee good execution, the learning is important as is the ability to know how to execute. While the learning is visible for all to see, how do we measure knowing, can we? This piece from the BPS talks about critical thinking which could equate with knowing. While it suggests that critical thinking could be taught, it cannot identify where these critical thinking skills come from. Are they innate? https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/07/21/why-some-smart-people-make-foolish-decisions/